The Purpose and Risk of Bypass Operations

Bypass surgery is generally done to overcome heart disease due to narrowing in the heart's blood vessels. If done correctly and the patient can recover completely, bypass surgery can extend the patient's life to 10 years or more. However, this procedure can also cause several risks and complications. Bypass surgery or more precisely heart bypass surgery is one type of heart surgery that is commonly done. This operation is done by grafting (graft) of blood vessels from other parts of the body, to then be affixed and stitched to the heart muscle that is damaged due to blockage of heart arteries. This new blood vessel graft will be a channel to drain blood to the area of ​​the heart that lacks blood supply.

Purpose of Operation Bypass

Arterial blood vessels that supply blood to the heart can experience narrowing and hardening due to the buildup of plaque on the artery walls. The process of plaque buildup in artery walls is known as atherosclerosis. These conditions can make blood vessels become blocked. If the blockage is large enough to significantly reduce blood flow to the heart, coronary heart disease can occur. Untreated coronary heart disease can cause heart attacks. This is because the formation of plaque in the walls of the coronary arteries results in blood flow and oxygen not reaching the heart muscle, so that the heart muscle is damaged and not functioning properly. People with obesity or unhealthy lifestyles, like smoking, rarely exercising, and eating lots of fatty foods (high cholesterol), are usually more at risk of coronary heart disease.

Duration of Heart Bypass Surgery and its Effectiveness

The process of bypass surgery or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which takes approximately 3-6 hours, aims to restore blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Besides helping to reduce the risk of heart attack and relieve symptoms of chest pain (angina), bypass surgery can also increase the life expectancy of heart disease patients up to 10 years. But on condition, after undergoing bypass surgery, patients need to live a healthy lifestyle and maintain heart health. Bypass surgery will generally be recommended by doctors if the use of drugs, changes in diet, and exercise does not succeed in improving the patient's heart condition.

Risk of Bypass Operation

Just like other medical procedures, bypass surgery also has risks. Some of the risks that may occur in patients undergoing this surgery are:
  • Pain.
  • Side effects due to anesthesia, such as nausea, headaches, and respiratory disorders.
  • Fever.
  • Bleeding or infection apad surgical incision wound.
  • Problems with the heart, such as heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias) and recurrent heart attacks.
  • Organ damage, such as kidney failure and lung damage.
  • Stroke.
In some cases, especially in heart disease or severe heart attacks accompanied by various complications, bypass surgery can even cause death. The success rate of bypass surgery and the risk of complications are also influenced by the presence or absence of other illnesses suffered by patients, such as diabetes, kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, and lung disorders. Therefore, the patient needs to clearly inform the doctor about his personal health history, family health history, and the drugs he is taking, before bypass surgery is performed. This is so that the risk of complications that arise can be minimized. To determine whether your heart disease needs to be treated with bypass surgery and to determine whether this procedure is safe for you, it is necessary to have an examination by a cardiologist first.

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